مجله کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور در برنامه ریزی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 44، تابستان 1400)

The purpose of this study is to locate windbreaks in Shahrood city with respect to climatic zoning and thermal comfort. This research is applied in terms of purpose. First, by examining the theoretical foundations, the initial list of indicators affecting the location of windbreaks was prepared and reviewed and approved by Delphi fan. Then, in order to find areas prone to windbreak, a hybrid model was used. Also, the Olegi model was used to determine the thermal comfort in Shahrood and to identify suitable times for using windbreaks. This model incorporates the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and the Geographic Information System (GIS). Tools used included ArcGIS software, version 9.3 and Expert Choice software, version 2004. Paired comparison method was used to weight the indicators and zones. Six indicators of sundial, wind, altitude, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were identified for windbreak location. Relative humidity index with a weight of 0.38 had the highest and height index with a weight of 0.154 had the lowest score. The months of May and June are in the zone of thermal comfort and there are times when windbreaks will not be very useful in Shahrood city. On the other hand, July, August and September due to high temperatures and December, January, February and March due to high cold are good times to use windbreaks. Finally, the layer related to each indicator was prepared and drawn for Shahrood city. The use of hierarchical analysis method combined with GIS and layer superimposing method makes it possible to identify and determine the optimal location for a variety of uses in a wide geographical area.

Iran is located in one of the most critical regions of the world called the Middle East. Due to its convenient location and abundant energy reserves, this region has always been of interest to foreign countries, led by the United States. This has led to numerous US interventions and the establishment of numerous military bases around Iran, especially after September 11th incident. Continuous monitoring of these bases and related facilities is one of the most important deterrents that can be done by remote sensing knowledge. One of the remote sensing techniques is the synthetic aperture radar, which has been considered in recent years, while the Sentinel-1 satellite launched in 2014 by the European Space Agency uses the same technique. One of the applications of this satellite, which is introduced in this article, is the detection of Patriot MIM-104 systems. This is done by combining the VV and VH polarizations with two images taken during the satellite's day and night transitions from a single point, which are represented by X-shaped lines where the Patriot systems are located. The images related to this satellite are also processed by Google Earth Engine system, which saves considerable time in analysis and increases the accuracy of the results due to the minimization of human error. The results showed that in the regions around Iran and especially in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf, there are at least 16 active Patriot systems, which indicates its great development in recent years and shows the need for continuous monitoring of these systems.

One of the most important applications of spatial information systems is in the field of transportation management. In this regard,Today, the use of information and communication technologies has presented a powerful option for transportation management to experts. These solutions are now being used as a core component of transportation systems operations around the world. On the other hand, today's life involves a large amount of movement and mobility, which is done through cars, ships, rail vehicles and airplanes, and so on. Spatial information systems in the field network analysis capabilities in spatial information systems, including the calculation of the shortest path, can be useful. Graphs and their theories play an important role in GIS network analysis. To solve some problems of the graph or to simplify the analysis in the graph, changes can be made to its structure. Graph simulations show that the mobility of the system depends to a large extent on the transport network topology. In general, a planned network can accommodate more vehicles, and its overall mobility is much greater than a self-organized growing network. In this article, while introducing graph capabilities in problem solving, several different applications in finding the shortest path in transportation problems will be discussed..

Infrastructure is defined as one of the basic foundations in today's societies, so that the life of human societies and environmental satisfaction depends to some extent on the safe and reliable operation of infrastructure. At the same time, securing and protecting all assets and infrastructure in the right conditions and the subject of influential factors for governments or sector employers in terms of resources and facilities, is challenging. . Therefore, important infrastructures and assets should be identified, classified and classified based on indicators and functions. The main purpose of this research is to identify and enumerate the indicators of the vitality of infrastructure and assets. This research has done a content analysis in order to determine the criticality of infrastructure by a comprehensive study and qualitative research method of foundation data derived from Strauss and Corbin (1998) theory. Data were collected through interviews, library studies and documentation by surveying existing texts and sources. The sample size for interviews with experts in the use of theoretical saturation was finalized and the strategic theory of the foundation including open, personality and selective coding and the model for determining this theory for model development are presented. The findings turned into the identification of causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences, and the paradigm model of index coding as indicators of the criticality of infrastructure. The results of studies and studies have led to the identification of 26 indicators in the form of 5 main groups.

The purpose of identifying crime hotspots is to classify and assess security by reducing crime prevention through environmental design, and given that this is more pronounced in informal settlements, this research has been studied in Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia. The present article is descriptive-analytical and applied. The method of data collection has been done in two ways: documentary and field. The statistical population is all the residents of Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia, which according to the statistics of 1397, is 33,000 people, of which 379 people have been selected according to Cochran's formula and stratified random method. Data analysis has been done both quantitatively and qualitatively, in the quantitative dimension of statistical methods and in the qualitative dimension, the results of field observations and interviews have been analyzed. Examination of the results shows that using the neighborhood spatial data, the security of the western part is better than the eastern part of the neighborhood. According to the questionnaire data, the components of Natural Surveillance, Natural Accsess Control, Maintenance and support activities are in a higher position than the average level and the component of Territorial Reinforcement is in a lower position than the average level. This indicates the average level of security in this neighborhood. Also, according to the results of Friedman test, the component of Maintenance was in the first rank and the component of Territorial Reinforcement was in the last rank, which requires the adoption of strategies to maintain and increase security in this neighborhood.

Agriculture is an activity which is directly related to food security. Increasing of population and limited resources enhance the importance of this field. Therefore, there is a need to apply smart methods to achieve sustainable development and precision agriculture. In these methods, a lot of sensors are required to collect data because there are number of geographical, social, environmental and economic factors which affect agricultural activities. So we should deal with a lot of data which most of them have spatial aspects. In the other hand, GIS is a best solution to manage and analysis spatial data. This indicates potential of integrating of GIS and IOT to improve agricultural activities. In previous studies, efficiency of GIS in agricultural activities have been proved. Moreover, in recent studies, applications of IOT in agriculture have been grown significantly. However, few studies have investigated integration of GIS and IOT for this purpose. GIS provides wide variety of tools to manage data. Obtained data from sensors can be classified or data mining methods such as clustering can be applied to discover knowledge. Spatial correlation between different parameters can be calculated based on spatial statistics toolboxes and pie charts and bar charts allow comparison between different parameters in different spatial units such as agricultural parcels, regions, villages and counties.In logistics, GIS can utilize network analysis to offer fastet and or best routes to reduce time and cost of delivering products from producers to users. Moreover, integration of GIS and MCDM is useful for nursery management which are related to different criteria such as temperature, lighting and humidity. In the field of livestock, it is possible to pinpoint location of cattles on map in the moment and calculate their population density. In the field of irrigation, GIS can help us to investigate quality of groundwaters by applying spatial statistics methods.